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由于某些字符在查询字符串中作为操作符使用，必须对它们进行转义以防止查询错误或意外的匹配条件。

以下字符应使用反斜杠（\）进行转义：

!    "    $    '    (    )    -    /    <    @    \    ^    |    ~

要转义单引号（'），使用一个反斜杠：

SELECT * FROM your_index WHERE MATCH('l\'italiano');

对于前面提到的列表中的其他字符，它们是操作符或查询构造，必须被引擎视为普通字符，并在前面加上转义字符。反斜杠本身也必须被转义，结果是两个反斜杠：

SELECT * FROM your_index WHERE MATCH('r\\&b | \\(official video\\)');

要将反斜杠作为字符使用，必须同时转义作为字符的反斜杠和作为转义操作符的反斜杠，这需要四个反斜杠：

SELECT * FROM your_index WHERE MATCH('\\\\ABC');

当您在 Manticore Search 中处理 JSON 数据并需要在 JSON 字符串中包含双引号（"）时，重要的是要正确处理转义。在 JSON 中，字符串中的双引号使用反斜杠（\）转义。然而，当通过 SQL 查询插入 JSON 数据时，Manticore Search 将反斜杠（\）解释为字符串中的转义字符。

为了确保双引号正确插入到 JSON 数据中，您需要对反斜杠本身进行转义。这导致在双引号前使用两个反斜杠（\\）。例如：

insert into tbl(j) values('{"a": "\\"abc\\""}');

MySQL 驱动程序提供转义函数（例如 PHP 中的 mysqli_real_escape_string 或 Python 中的 conn.escape_string），但它们只转义特定字符。您仍然需要为之前提到的列表中未被其各自函数转义的字符添加转义。因为这些函数会为您转义反斜杠，所以您只需添加一个反斜杠。

这也适用于支持（客户端）预处理语句的驱动程序。例如，使用 PHP PDO 预处理语句时，您需要为 $ 字符添加一个反斜杠：

$statement = $ln_sph->prepare( "SELECT * FROM index WHERE MATCH(:match)");
$match = '\$manticore';
$statement->bindParam(':match',$match,PDO::PARAM_STR);
$results = $statement->execute();

这将导致最终查询为 SELECT * FROM index WHERE MATCH('\\$manticore');

SQL 协议的相同规则适用，唯一的例外是对于 JSON，双引号必须用单个反斜杠转义，而其余字符需要双重转义。

当使用将数据结构转换为 JSON 字符串的 JSON 库或函数时，双引号和单个反斜杠会被这些函数自动转义，无需显式转义。

官方客户端在底层使用各自编程语言中常见的 JSON 库/函数。之前提到的转义规则同样适用。

星号（*）是一个独特的字符，具有两个用途：

作为通配符前缀/后缀扩展符
作为短语搜索中的任意词修饰符。

与其他作为操作符的特殊字符不同，当星号处于提供其功能的位置时，不能对其进行转义。

在非通配符查询中，无论是否在 charset_table 中，星号都不需要转义。

在通配符查询中，单词中间的星号不需要转义。作为通配符操作符（无论在单词开头还是结尾），星号始终被解释为通配符操作符，即使应用了转义。

要转义 JSON 节点中的特殊字符，请使用反引号。例如：

MySQL [(none)]> select * from t where json.`a=b`=234;
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| id                  | json        | text |
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| 8215557549554925578 | {"a=b":234} |      |
+---------------------+-------------+------+

MySQL [(none)]> select * from t where json.`a:b`=123;
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| id                  | json        | text |
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| 8215557549554925577 | {"a:b":123} |      |
+---------------------+-------------+------+

搜索分析

Last modified: August 28, 2025

考虑以下复杂查询示例：

"hello world" @title "example program"~5 @body python -(php|perl) @* code

该搜索的完整含义是：

在文档的任何字段中定位相邻的单词 'hello' 和 'world'；
此外，同一文档的标题字段中必须包含单词 'example' 和 'program'，两者之间最多有但不包括 5 个单词；（例如，“example PHP program” 会匹配，但“example script to introduce outside data into the correct context for your program” 不会匹配，因为两个词之间有 5 个或更多单词）
此外，同一文档的正文字段中必须包含单词 'python'，同时排除 'php' 或 'perl'；
最后，同一文档的任何字段中必须包含单词 'code'。

OR 运算符优先于 AND，因此“looking for cat | dog | mouse” 意味着“looking for (cat | dog | mouse)”，而不是“(looking for cat) | dog | mouse”。

为了理解查询将如何执行，Manticore Search 提供了查询分析工具，用于检查由查询表达式生成的查询树。

要启用带有 SQL 语句的全文查询分析，必须在执行所需查询之前激活它：

SET profiling =1;
SELECT * FROM test WHERE MATCH('@title abc* @body hey');

要查看查询树，请在运行查询后立即执行 SHOW PLAN 命令：

SHOW PLAN;

该命令将返回已执行查询的结构。请记住，3 个语句 - SET profiling、查询和 SHOW - 必须在同一会话中执行。

使用 HTTP JSON 协议时，只需启用 "profile":true，即可在响应中获得全文查询树结构。

{
  "table":"test",
  "profile":true,
  "query":
  {
    "match_phrase": { "_all" : "had grown quite" }
  }
}

响应将包含一个 profile 对象，其中包含一个 query 成员。

query 属性保存转换后的全文查询树。每个节点包括：

type：节点类型，可以是 AND、OR、PHRASE、KEYWORD 等。
description：该节点的查询子树，以字符串形式表示（SHOW PLAN 格式）
children：任何子节点（如果存在）
max_field_pos：字段内的最大位置

关键词节点还将包括：

word：转换后的关键词。
querypos：该关键词在查询中的位置。
excluded：关键词是否被排除在查询之外。
expanded：关键词是否由前缀扩展添加。
field_start：关键词必须出现在字段开头。
field_end：关键词必须出现在字段结尾。
boost：关键词的 IDF 将乘以此值。

‹›

SQL
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javascript
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Go

📋

SET profiling=1;
SELECT * FROM test WHERE MATCH('@title abc* @body hey');
SHOW PLAN \G

POST /search
{
  "table": "forum",
  "query": {"query_string": "i me"},
  "_source": { "excludes":["*"] },
  "limit": 1,
  "profile":true
}

$result = $index->search('i me')->setSource(['excludes'=>['*']])->setLimit(1)->profile()->get();
print_r($result->getProfile());

searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"i me"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":True})

await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"i me"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":True})

res = await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"i me"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true});

query = new HashMap<String,Object>();
query.put("query_string","i me");
searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
searchRequest.setIndex("forum");
searchRequest.setQuery(query);
searchRequest.setProfile(true);
searchRequest.setLimit(1);
searchRequest.setSort(new ArrayList<String>(){{
    add("*");
}});
searchResponse = searchApi.search(searchRequest);

object query =  new { query_string="i me" };
var searchRequest = new SearchRequest("forum", query);
searchRequest.Profile = true;
searchRequest.Limit = 1;
searchRequest.Sort = new List<Object> { "*" };
var searchResponse = searchApi.Search(searchRequest);

let query = SearchQuery {
     query_string: Some(serde_json::json!("i me").into()),
    ..Default::default()
};
let search_req = SearchRequest {
    table: "forum".to_string(),
    query: Some(Box::new(query)),
    sort: serde_json::json!(["*"]),
    limit: serde_json::json!(1),
    profile: serde_json::json!(true),
    ..Default::default(),
};
let search_res = search_api.search(search_req).await;

res = await searchApi.search({
  index: 'test',
  query: { query_string: 'Text' },
  _source: { excludes: ['*'] },
  limit: 1,
  profile: true
});

searchRequest := manticoresearch.NewSearchRequest("test")
query := map[string]interface{} {"query_string": "Text"}
source := map[string]interface{} { "excludes": []string {"*"} }
searchRequest.SetQuery(query)
searchRequest.SetSource(source)
searchReq.SetLimit(1)
searchReq.SetProfile(true)
res, _, _ := apiClient.SearchAPI.Search(context.Background()).SearchRequest(*searchRequest).Execute()

‹›

Response

*************************** 1\. row ***************************
Variable: transformed_tree
   Value: AND(
  OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(abcx, querypos=1, expanded), KEYWORD(abcm, querypos=1, expanded)),
  AND(fields=(body), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

{
  "took":1503,
  "timed_out":false,
  "hits":
  {
    "total":406301,
    "hits":
    [
       {
          "_id": 406443,
          "_score":3493,
          "_source":{}
       }
    ]
  },
  "profile":
  {
    "query":
    {
      "type":"AND",
      "description":"AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
      "children":
      [
        {
          "type":"AND",
          "description":"AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
          "children":
          [
            {
              "type":"KEYWORD",
              "word":"i",
              "querypos":1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type":"AND",
          "description":"AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
          "children":
          [
            {
              "type":"KEYWORD",
              "word":"me",
              "querypos":2
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Array
(
    [query] => Array
        (
            [type] => AND
            [description] => AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))
            [children] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [type] => AND
                            [description] => AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                    [0] => Array
                                        (
                                            [type] => KEYWORD
                                            [word] => i
                                            [querypos] => 1
                                        )
                                )
                        )
                    [1] => Array
                        (
                            [type] => AND
                            [description] => AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                    [0] => Array
                                        (
                                            [type] => KEYWORD
                                            [word] => me
                                            [querypos] => 2
                                        )
                                )
                        )
                )
        )
)

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'100', u'_score': 2500, u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'i'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'me'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'100', u'_score': 2500, u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'i'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'me'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{"hits": {"hits": [{"_id": 100, "_score": 2500, "_source": {}}],
          "total": 1},
 "profile": {"query": {"children": [{"children": [{"querypos": 1,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "i"}],
                                       "description": "AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
                                       "type": "AND"},
                                      {"children": [{"querypos": 2,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "me"}],
                                       "description": "AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
                                       "type": "AND"}],
                        "description": "AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
                        "type": "AND"}},
 "timed_out": False,
 "took": 0}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=100, _score=2500, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=i, querypos=1}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=me, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=100, _score=2500, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=i, querypos=1}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=me, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=100, _score=2500, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=i, querypos=1}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=me, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query": {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "i"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
                "type": "AND"
            },
            {
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 2,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "me"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
            "type": "AND"
        }
    },
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query": {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "i"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
                "type": "AND"
            },
            {
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 2,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "me"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
            "type": "AND"
        }
    },
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

在某些情况下，由于扩展和其他转换，评估后的查询树可能与原始查询树有显著差异。

‹›

SQL
JSON
PHP
Python
Python-asyncio
javascript
Java
C#
Rust
TypeScript
Go

📋

SET profiling=1;
SELECT id FROM forum WHERE MATCH('@title way* @content hey') LIMIT 1;
SHOW PLAN;

POST /search
{
  "table": "forum",
  "query": {"query_string": "@title way* @content hey"},
  "_source": { "excludes":["*"] },
  "limit": 1,
  "profile":true
}

$result = $index->search('@title way* @content hey')->setSource(['excludes'=>['*']])->setLimit(1)->profile()->get();
print_r($result->getProfile());

searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"@title way* @content hey"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true})

await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"@title way* @content hey"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true})

res = await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"@title way* @content hey"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true});

query = new HashMap<String,Object>();
query.put("query_string","@title way* @content hey");
searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
searchRequest.setIndex("forum");
searchRequest.setQuery(query);
searchRequest.setProfile(true);
searchRequest.setLimit(1);
searchRequest.setSort(new ArrayList<String>(){{
    add("*");
}});
searchResponse = searchApi.search(searchRequest);

object query =  new { query_string="@title way* @content hey" };
var searchRequest = new SearchRequest("forum", query);
searchRequest.Profile = true;
searchRequest.Limit = 1;
searchRequest.Sort = new List<Object> { "*" };
var searchResponse = searchApi.Search(searchRequest);

let query = SearchQuery {
     query_string: Some(serde_json::json!("@title way* @content hey").into()),
    ..Default::default()
};
let search_req = SearchRequest {
    table: "forum".to_string(),
    query: Some(Box::new(query)),
    sort: serde_json::json!(["*"]),
    limit: serde_json::json!(1),
    profile: serde_json::json!(true),
    ..Default::default(),
};
let search_res = search_api.search(search_req).await;

res = await searchApi.search({
  index: 'test',
  query: { query_string: '@content 1'},
  _source: { excludes: ["*"] },
  limit:1,
  profile":true
});

searchRequest := manticoresearch.NewSearchRequest("test")
query := map[string]interface{} {"query_string": "1*"}
source := map[string]interface{} { "excludes": []string {"*"} }
searchRequest.SetQuery(query)
searchRequest.SetSource(source)
searchReq.SetLimit(1)
searchReq.SetProfile(true)
res, _, _ := apiClient.SearchAPI.Search(context.Background()).SearchRequest(*searchRequest).Execute()

‹›

Response

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+--------+
| id     |
+--------+
| 711651 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable         | Value                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| transformed_tree | AND(
  OR(
    OR(
      AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),
      OR(
        AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),
        AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))),
    AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded)),
    OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))),
  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))) |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

{
  "took":33,
  "timed_out":false,
  "hits":
  {
    "total":105,
    "hits":
    [
       {
          "_id": 711651,
          "_score":2539,
          "_source":{}
       }
    ]
  },
  "profile":
  {
    "query":
    {
      "type":"AND",
      "description":"AND( OR( OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))",
      "children":
      [
        {
          "type":"OR",
          "description":"OR( OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)))",
          "children":
          [
            {
               "type":"OR",
               "description":"OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded))))",
               "children":
               [
                 {
                   "type":"AND",
                   "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded))",
                   "fields":["title"],
                   "max_field_pos":0,
                   "children":
                   [
                     {
                       "type":"KEYWORD",
                       "word":"wayne",
                       "querypos":1,
                       "expanded":true
                     }
                   ]
                 },
                 {
                   "type":"OR",
                   "description":"OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))",
                   "children":
                   [
                     {
                       "type":"AND",
                       "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded))",
                       "fields":["title"],
                       "max_field_pos":0,
                       "children":
                       [
                         {
                           "type":"KEYWORD",
                           "word":"ways",
                           "querypos":1,
                           "expanded":true
                         }
                       ]
                     },
                     {
                       "type":"AND",
                       "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded))",
                       "fields":["title"],
                       "max_field_pos":0,
                       "children":
                       [
                         {
                           "type":"KEYWORD",
                           "word":"wayyy",
                           "querypos":1,
                           "expanded":true
                         }
                       ]
                     }
                   ]
                 }
               ]
            },
            {
              "type":"AND",
              "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded))",
              "fields":["title"],
              "max_field_pos":0,
              "children":
              [
                 {
                    "type":"KEYWORD",
                    "word":"way",
                    "querypos":1,
                    "expanded":true
                 }
              ]
            },
            {
              "type":"OR",
              "description":"OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))",
              "fields":["title"],
              "max_field_pos":0,
              "children":
              [
                {
                  "type":"KEYWORD",
                  "word":"way*",
                  "querypos":1,
                  "expanded":true
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type":"AND",
          "description":"AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))",
          "fields":["content"],
          "max_field_pos":0,
          "children":
          [
            {
              "type":"KEYWORD",
              "word":"hey",
              "querypos":2
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'2811025403043381551',
                    u'_score': 2643,
                    u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'expanded': True,
                                                      u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'way*'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))',
                                       u'fields': [u'title'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'hey'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))',
                                       u'fields': [u'content'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'2811025403043381551',
                    u'_score': 2643,
                    u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'expanded': True,
                                                      u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'way*'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))',
                                       u'fields': [u'title'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'hey'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))',
                                       u'fields': [u'content'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{"hits": {"hits": [{"_id": 2811025403043381551,
                    "_score": 2643,
                    "_source": {}}],
          "total": 1},
 "profile": {"query": {"children": [{"children": [{"expanded": True,
                                                      "querypos": 1,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "way*"}],
                                       "description": "AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))",
                                       "fields": ["title"],
                                       "type": "AND"},
                                      {"children": [{"querypos": 2,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "hey"}],
                                       "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))",
                                       "fields": ["content"],
                                       "type": "AND"}],
                        "description": "AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))",
                        "type": "AND"}},
 "timed_out": False,
 "took": 0}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=2811025403043381551, _score=2643, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)), fields=[title], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=way*, querypos=1, expanded=true}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)), fields=[content], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=hey, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=2811025403043381551, _score=2643, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)), fields=[title], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=way*, querypos=1, expanded=true}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)), fields=[content], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=hey, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=2811025403043381551, _score=2643, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)), fields=[title], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=way*, querypos=1, expanded=true}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)), fields=[content], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=hey, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query":
        {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "expanded": True,
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "1*"
                }],
                "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1, expanded))",
                "fields": ["content"],
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1))",
            "type": "AND"
        }},
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query":
        {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "expanded": True,
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "1*"
                }],
                "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1, expanded))",
                "fields": ["content"],
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1))",
            "type": "AND"
        }},
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

SQL 语句 EXPLAIN QUERY 允许显示给定全文查询的执行树，而无需对表执行实际的搜索查询。

‹›

SQL

📋

EXPLAIN QUERY index_base '@title running @body dog'\G

‹›

Response

 EXPLAIN QUERY index_base '@title running @body dog'\G
*************************** 1\. row ***************************
Variable: transformed_tree
   Value: AND(
      OR(
            AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(run, querypos=1, morphed)),
            AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(running, querypos=1, morphed))))
  AND(fields=(body), KEYWORD(dog, querypos=2, morphed)))

EXPLAIN QUERY ... option format=dot 允许以分层格式显示提供的全文查询的执行树，适合使用现有工具进行可视化，例如 https://dreampuf.github.io/GraphvizOnline：

EXPLAIN QUERY graphviz example

‹›

SQL

📋

EXPLAIN QUERY tbl 'i me' option format=dot\G

‹›

Response

EXPLAIN QUERY tbl 'i me' option format=dot\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Variable: transformed_tree
   Value: digraph "transformed_tree"
{
0 [shape=record,style=filled,bgcolor="lightgrey" label="AND"]
0 -> 1
1 [shape=record,style=filled,bgcolor="lightgrey" label="AND"]
1 -> 2
2 [shape=record label="i | { querypos=1 }"]
0 -> 3
3 [shape=record,style=filled,bgcolor="lightgrey" label="AND"]
3 -> 4
4 [shape=record label="me | { querypos=2 }"]
}

使用表达式排序器时，可以通过 PACKEDFACTORS() 函数显示计算出的因子值。

该函数返回：

文档级别因素的值（例如 bm25、field_mask、doc_word_count）
生成命中的每个字段的列表（包括 lcs、hit_count、word_count、sum_idf、min_hit_pos 等）
查询中每个关键词及其 tf 和 idf 值的列表

这些值可用于理解为什么某些文档在搜索中获得较低或较高的分数，或用于优化现有的排名表达式。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT id, PACKEDFACTORS() FROM test1 WHERE MATCH('test one') OPTION ranker=expr('1')\G

‹›

Response

             id: 1
packedfactors(): bm25=569, bm25a=0.617197, field_mask=2, doc_word_count=2,
    field1=(lcs=1, hit_count=2, word_count=2, tf_idf=0.152356,
        min_idf=-0.062982, max_idf=0.215338, sum_idf=0.152356, min_hit_pos=4,
        min_best_span_pos=4, exact_hit=0, max_window_hits=1, min_gaps=2,
        exact_order=1, lccs=1, wlccs=0.215338, atc=-0.003974),
    word0=(tf=1, idf=-0.062982),
    word1=(tf=1, idf=0.215338)
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

转义布尔优化

Last modified: August 28, 2025

全文查询在设置 boolean_simplify 搜索选项（或相应的全局设置）为 1（默认启用）时会自动优化。此优化所做的一些更改包括：

多余的括号：((A | B) | C) 变为 (A | B | C)；((A B) C) 变为 (A B C)
多余的 AND NOT：((A !N1) !N2) 变为 (A !(N1 | N2))
公共 NOT：((A !N) | (B !N)) 变为 ((A | B) !N)
公共复合 NOT：((A !(N AA)) | (B !(N BB))) 如果评估 N 的成本大于评估 A 和 B 之和，则变为 (((A | B) !N) | (A !AA) | (B !BB))
公共子项：((A (N | AA)) | (B (N | BB))) 如果评估 N 的成本大于评估 A 和 B 之和，则变为 (((A | B) N) | (A AA) | (B BB))
公共关键词：(A | "A B"~N) 变为 A；("A B" | "A B C") 变为 "A B"；("A B"~N | "A B C"~N) 变为 ("A B"~N)
公共短语：("X A B" | "Y A B") 变为 ("("X"|"Y") A B")
公共 AND NOT：((A !X) | (A !Y) | (A !Z)) 变为 (A !(X Y Z))
公共 OR NOT：((A !(N | N1)) | (B !(N | N2))) 变为 (( (A !N1) | (B !N2) ) !N) 请注意，优化查询会消耗 CPU 时间，因此在某些非常简单的查询或手动优化的查询中，禁用优化（boolean_simplify=0）可能会获得更好的效果。

像 -dog 这样的查询，可能包含集合中的所有文档，默认是不允许的。要允许它们，必须将 not_terms_only_allowed=1 指定为全局设置或搜索选项。

搜索分析搜索结果

Last modified: August 28, 2025

当您通过 MySQL 协议运行 SQL 查询时，您将收到请求的列作为结果，如果未找到任何内容，则返回空结果集。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * FROM tbl;

‹›

Response

+------+------+--------+
| id   | age  | name   |
+------+------+--------+
|    1 |   25 | joe    |
|    2 |   25 | mary   |
|    3 |   33 | albert |
+------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此外，您可以使用 SHOW META 调用查看有关最新查询的额外元信息。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT id,story_author,comment_author FROM hn_small WHERE story_author='joe' LIMIT 3; SHOW META;

‹›

Response

++--------+--------------+----------------+
| id     | story_author | comment_author |
+--------+--------------+----------------+
| 152841 | joe          | SwellJoe       |
| 161323 | joe          | samb           |
| 163735 | joe          | jsjenkins168   |
+--------+--------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
+----------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+----------------+-------+
| total          | 3     |
| total_found    | 20    |
| total_relation | gte   |
| time           | 0.010 |
+----------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在某些情况下，例如执行分面搜索时，您可能会收到多个结果集作为 SQL 查询的响应。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE MATCH('joe') FACET age;

‹›

Response

+------+------+
| id   | age  |
+------+------+
|    1 |   25 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+------+----------+
| age  | count(*) |
+------+----------+
|   25 |        1 |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果有警告，结果集将包含警告标志，您可以使用 SHOW WARNINGS 查看警告。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * from tbl where match('"joe"/3'); show warnings;

‹›

Response

+------+------+------+
| id   | age  | name |
+------+------+------+
|    1 |   25 | joe  |
+------+------+------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                                                    |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| warning | 1000 | quorum threshold too high (words=1, thresh=3); replacing quorum operator with AND operator |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果查询失败，您将收到错误信息：

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * from tbl where match('@surname joe');

‹›

Response

ERROR 1064 (42000): index idx: query error: no field 'surname' found in schema

通过 HTTP JSON 接口，查询结果以 JSON 文档的形式发送。示例：

{
  "took":10,
  "timed_out": false,
  "hits":
  {
    "total": 2,
    "hits":
    [
      {
        "_id": 1,
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": { "gid": 11 }
      },
      {
        "_id": 2,
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": { "gid": 12 }
      }
    ]
  }
}

took：执行搜索所花费的时间，单位为毫秒
timed_out：查询是否超时
hits：搜索结果，包含以下属性：
- total：匹配文档的总数
- hits：包含匹配项的数组

查询结果还可以包含查询分析信息。请参见查询分析。

hits 数组中的每个匹配项具有以下属性：

_id：匹配 ID
_score：匹配权重，由排序器计算
_source：包含该匹配项属性的数组

默认情况下，所有属性都会在 _source 数组中返回。您可以在请求负载中使用 _source 属性选择要包含在结果集中的字段。示例：

{
  "table":"test",
  "_source":"attr*",
  "query": { "match_all": {} }
}

您可以将要包含在查询结果中的属性指定为字符串（"_source": "attr*"）或字符串数组（"_source": [ "attr1", "attri*" ]"）。每个条目可以是属性名或通配符（支持 *、% 和 ? 符号）。

您还可以使用 includes 和 excludes 属性显式指定要包含和排除的属性：

"_source":
{
  "includes": [ "attr1", "attri*" ],
  "excludes": [ "*desc*" ]
}

空的 includes 列表被解释为“包含所有属性”，而空的 excludes 列表不匹配任何内容。如果某个属性同时匹配 includes 和 excludes，则以 excludes 为准。

布尔优化过滤器

Last modified: August 28, 2025

查询字符串中的转义字符

在 MySQL 命令行客户端中

使用 MySQL 驱动程序

在 HTTP JSON API 中

在客户端中

转义星号

在 SQL 中转义 JSON 节点名称

搜索分析

查询的解释方式

在 SQL 中分析查询树

在 HTTP JSON 中分析查询

不运行查询时的分析

查看匹配因子值

搜索结果

SQL

HTTP

源选择