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由于某些字符在查询字符串中作为操作符使用，因此必须对其进行转义，以防止查询错误或意外匹配条件。

以下字符应使用反斜杠（\）进行转义：

!    "    $    '    (    )    -    /    <    @    \    ^    |    ~

要转义单引号（'），使用一个反斜杠：

SELECT * FROM your_index WHERE MATCH('l\'italiano');

对于前面列表中提到的其他字符，它们是操作符或查询结构，必须由引擎视为普通字符，前面有一个转义字符。反斜杠本身也需要转义，因此需要两个反斜杠：

SELECT * FROM your_index WHERE MATCH('r\\&b | \\(official video\\)');

要使用反斜杠作为字符，您必须转义反斜杠作为字符和转义操作符，这需要四个反斜杠：

SELECT * FROM your_index WHERE MATCH('\\\\ABC');

当您在 Manticore Search 中处理 JSON 数据并需要在 JSON 字符串中包含双引号（"）时，正确处理它是很重要的。在 JSON 中，字符串内的双引号使用反斜杠（\）进行转义。然而，当通过 SQL 查询插入 JSON 数据时，Manticore Search 会将反斜杠（\）解释为字符串内的转义字符。

为了确保双引号正确插入 JSON 数据，您需要转义反斜杠本身。这需要在双引号前使用两个反斜杠（\）。例如：

insert into tbl(j) values('{"a": "\\"abc\\""}');

MySQL 驱动程序提供转义函数（例如 PHP 中的 mysqli_real_escape_string 或 Python 中的 conn.escape_string），但它们只会转义特定字符。您仍然需要为前面提到的列表中未被其相应函数转义的字符添加转义。由于这些函数会为您转义反斜杠，您只需添加一个反斜杠。

这也适用于支持（客户端）预处理语句的驱动程序。例如，使用 PHP PDO 预处理语句时，您需要为 $ 字符添加一个反斜杠：

$statement = $ln_sph->prepare( "SELECT * FROM index WHERE MATCH(:match)");
$match = '\$manticore';
$statement->bindParam(':match',$match,PDO::PARAM_STR);
$results = $statement->execute();

这导致最终查询 SELECT * FROM index WHERE MATCH('\\$manticore');

与 SQL 协议的规则相同，对于 JSON，双引号必须使用单个反斜杠进行转义，而其他字符需要双转义。

当使用将数据结构转换为 JSON 字符串的 JSON 库或函数时，双引号和单个反斜杠将由这些函数自动转义，无需显式转义。

官方客户端使用其各自编程语言下常见的 JSON 库/函数。前面提到的转义规则同样适用。

星号（*）是一个特殊的字符，具有两种用途：

作为通配符前缀/后缀扩展符
作为短语搜索中的任意项修饰符。

与其他作为操作符使用的特殊字符不同，星号在提供其功能之一的位置时不能被转义。

在非通配符查询中，星号无论是在 charset_table 中还是不在，都不需要转义。

在通配符查询中，单词中间的星号不需要转义。作为通配符操作符（单词的开头或结尾），星号将始终被解释为通配符操作符，即使应用了转义。

要转义 JSON 节点中的特殊字符，请使用反引号。例如：

MySQL [(none)]> select * from t where json.`a=b`=234;
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| id                  | json        | text |
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| 8215557549554925578 | {"a=b":234} |      |
+---------------------+-------------+------+

MySQL [(none)]> select * from t where json.`a:b`=123;
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| id                  | json        | text |
+---------------------+-------------+------+
| 8215557549554925577 | {"a:b":123} |      |
+---------------------+-------------+------+

搜索分析

Last modified: August 28, 2025

考虑这个复杂的查询示例：

"hello world" @title "example program"~5 @body python -(php|perl) @* code

此搜索的完整含义是：

在文档的任何字段中定位相邻出现的单词“hello”和“world”；
此外，同一文档的标题字段中必须包含单词“example”和“program”，且它们之间最多（但不包括）有5个单词；（例如，“example PHP program”会匹配，但“example script to introduce outside data into the correct context for your program”则不会，因为这两个术语之间有5个或更多单词）
再者，同一文档的正文字段中必须包含单词“python”，同时排除“php”或“perl”；
最后，同一文档必须在任何字段中包含单词“code”。

OR运算符的优先级高于AND，因此“looking for cat | dog | mouse”意味着“looking for (cat | dog | mouse)”，而不是“(looking for cat) | dog | mouse”。

为了理解查询将如何执行，Manticore Search提供了查询性能分析工具来检查查询表达式生成的查询树。

要通过SQL语句启用全文查询性能分析，必须在执行目标查询前激活它：

SET profiling =1;
SELECT * FROM test WHERE MATCH('@title abc* @body hey');

要查看查询树，请在运行查询后立即执行SHOW PLAN命令：

SHOW PLAN;

此命令将返回已执行查询的结构。请注意，这3条语句——SET profiling、查询本身和SHOW——必须在同一会话中执行。

使用HTTP JSON协议时，我们只需启用"profile":true即可在响应中获取全文查询树结构。

{
  "table":"test",
  "profile":true,
  "query":
  {
    "match_phrase": { "_all" : "had grown quite" }
  }
}

响应将包含一个profile对象，其中有一个query成员。

query属性保存转换后的全文查询树。每个节点包含：

type：节点类型，可以是AND、OR、PHRASE、KEYWORD等。
description：此节点的查询子树，以字符串形式表示（采用SHOW PLAN格式）
children：存在的任何子节点
max_field_pos：字段内的最大位置

关键字节点还将额外包括：

word：转换后的关键字。
querypos：此关键字在查询中的位置。
excluded：从查询中排除的关键字。
expanded：通过前缀扩展添加的关键字。
field_start：关键字必须出现在字段的开头。
field_end：关键字必须出现在字段的末尾。
boost：此关键字的IDF将乘以该值。

‹›

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📋

SET profiling=1;
SELECT * FROM test WHERE MATCH('@title abc* @body hey');
SHOW PLAN \G

POST /search
{
  "table": "forum",
  "query": {"query_string": "i me"},
  "_source": { "excludes":["*"] },
  "limit": 1,
  "profile":true
}

$result = $index->search('i me')->setSource(['excludes'=>['*']])->setLimit(1)->profile()->get();
print_r($result->getProfile());

searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"i me"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":True})

await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"i me"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":True})

res = await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"i me"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true});

query = new HashMap<String,Object>();
query.put("query_string","i me");
searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
searchRequest.setIndex("forum");
searchRequest.setQuery(query);
searchRequest.setProfile(true);
searchRequest.setLimit(1);
searchRequest.setSort(new ArrayList<String>(){{
    add("*");
}});
searchResponse = searchApi.search(searchRequest);

object query =  new { query_string="i me" };
var searchRequest = new SearchRequest("forum", query);
searchRequest.Profile = true;
searchRequest.Limit = 1;
searchRequest.Sort = new List<Object> { "*" };
var searchResponse = searchApi.Search(searchRequest);

let query = SearchQuery {
     query_string: Some(serde_json::json!("i me").into()),
    ..Default::default()
};
let search_req = SearchRequest {
    table: "forum".to_string(),
    query: Some(Box::new(query)),
    sort: serde_json::json!(["*"]),
    limit: serde_json::json!(1),
    profile: serde_json::json!(true),
    ..Default::default(),
};
let search_res = search_api.search(search_req).await;

res = await searchApi.search({
  index: 'test',
  query: { query_string: 'Text' },
  _source: { excludes: ['*'] },
  limit: 1,
  profile: true
});

searchRequest := manticoresearch.NewSearchRequest("test")
query := map[string]interface{} {"query_string": "Text"}
source := map[string]interface{} { "excludes": []string {"*"} }
searchRequest.SetQuery(query)
searchRequest.SetSource(source)
searchReq.SetLimit(1)
searchReq.SetProfile(true)
res, _, _ := apiClient.SearchAPI.Search(context.Background()).SearchRequest(*searchRequest).Execute()

‹›

Response

*************************** 1\. row ***************************
Variable: transformed_tree
   Value: AND(
  OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(abcx, querypos=1, expanded), KEYWORD(abcm, querypos=1, expanded)),
  AND(fields=(body), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

{
  "took":1503,
  "timed_out":false,
  "hits":
  {
    "total":406301,
    "hits":
    [
       {
          "_id": 406443,
          "_score":3493,
          "_source":{}
       }
    ]
  },
  "profile":
  {
    "query":
    {
      "type":"AND",
      "description":"AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
      "children":
      [
        {
          "type":"AND",
          "description":"AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
          "children":
          [
            {
              "type":"KEYWORD",
              "word":"i",
              "querypos":1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type":"AND",
          "description":"AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
          "children":
          [
            {
              "type":"KEYWORD",
              "word":"me",
              "querypos":2
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Array
(
    [query] => Array
        (
            [type] => AND
            [description] => AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))
            [children] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [type] => AND
                            [description] => AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                    [0] => Array
                                        (
                                            [type] => KEYWORD
                                            [word] => i
                                            [querypos] => 1
                                        )
                                )
                        )
                    [1] => Array
                        (
                            [type] => AND
                            [description] => AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                    [0] => Array
                                        (
                                            [type] => KEYWORD
                                            [word] => me
                                            [querypos] => 2
                                        )
                                )
                        )
                )
        )
)

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'100', u'_score': 2500, u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'i'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'me'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'100', u'_score': 2500, u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'i'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'me'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))',
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{"hits": {"hits": [{"_id": 100, "_score": 2500, "_source": {}}],
          "total": 1},
 "profile": {"query": {"children": [{"children": [{"querypos": 1,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "i"}],
                                       "description": "AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
                                       "type": "AND"},
                                      {"children": [{"querypos": 2,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "me"}],
                                       "description": "AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
                                       "type": "AND"}],
                        "description": "AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
                        "type": "AND"}},
 "timed_out": False,
 "took": 0}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=100, _score=2500, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=i, querypos=1}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=me, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=100, _score=2500, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=i, querypos=1}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=me, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=100, _score=2500, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=i, querypos=1}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)), children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=me, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query": {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "i"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
                "type": "AND"
            },
            {
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 2,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "me"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
            "type": "AND"
        }
    },
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query": {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "i"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1))",
                "type": "AND"
            },
            {
                "children":
                [{
                    "querypos": 2,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "me"
                }],
                "description": "AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2))",
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND( AND(KEYWORD(i, querypos=1)),  AND(KEYWORD(me, querypos=2)))",
            "type": "AND"
        }
    },
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

在某些情况下，由于扩展和其他转换，评估后的查询树可能与原始查询树有显著差异。

‹›

SQL
JSON
PHP
Python
Python-asyncio
javascript
Java
C#
Rust
TypeScript
Go

📋

SET profiling=1;
SELECT id FROM forum WHERE MATCH('@title way* @content hey') LIMIT 1;
SHOW PLAN;

POST /search
{
  "table": "forum",
  "query": {"query_string": "@title way* @content hey"},
  "_source": { "excludes":["*"] },
  "limit": 1,
  "profile":true
}

$result = $index->search('@title way* @content hey')->setSource(['excludes'=>['*']])->setLimit(1)->profile()->get();
print_r($result->getProfile());

searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"@title way* @content hey"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true})

await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"@title way* @content hey"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true})

res = await searchApi.search({"table":"forum","query":{"query_string":"@title way* @content hey"},"_source":{"excludes":["*"]},"limit":1,"profile":true});

query = new HashMap<String,Object>();
query.put("query_string","@title way* @content hey");
searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
searchRequest.setIndex("forum");
searchRequest.setQuery(query);
searchRequest.setProfile(true);
searchRequest.setLimit(1);
searchRequest.setSort(new ArrayList<String>(){{
    add("*");
}});
searchResponse = searchApi.search(searchRequest);

object query =  new { query_string="@title way* @content hey" };
var searchRequest = new SearchRequest("forum", query);
searchRequest.Profile = true;
searchRequest.Limit = 1;
searchRequest.Sort = new List<Object> { "*" };
var searchResponse = searchApi.Search(searchRequest);

let query = SearchQuery {
     query_string: Some(serde_json::json!("@title way* @content hey").into()),
    ..Default::default()
};
let search_req = SearchRequest {
    table: "forum".to_string(),
    query: Some(Box::new(query)),
    sort: serde_json::json!(["*"]),
    limit: serde_json::json!(1),
    profile: serde_json::json!(true),
    ..Default::default(),
};
let search_res = search_api.search(search_req).await;

res = await searchApi.search({
  index: 'test',
  query: { query_string: '@content 1'},
  _source: { excludes: ["*"] },
  limit:1,
  profile":true
});

searchRequest := manticoresearch.NewSearchRequest("test")
query := map[string]interface{} {"query_string": "1*"}
source := map[string]interface{} { "excludes": []string {"*"} }
searchRequest.SetQuery(query)
searchRequest.SetSource(source)
searchReq.SetLimit(1)
searchReq.SetProfile(true)
res, _, _ := apiClient.SearchAPI.Search(context.Background()).SearchRequest(*searchRequest).Execute()

‹›

Response

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+--------+
| id     |
+--------+
| 711651 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable         | Value                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| transformed_tree | AND(
  OR(
    OR(
      AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),
      OR(
        AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),
        AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))),
    AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded)),
    OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))),
  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))) |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

{
  "took":33,
  "timed_out":false,
  "hits":
  {
    "total":105,
    "hits":
    [
       {
          "_id": 711651,
          "_score":2539,
          "_source":{}
       }
    ]
  },
  "profile":
  {
    "query":
    {
      "type":"AND",
      "description":"AND( OR( OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))",
      "children":
      [
        {
          "type":"OR",
          "description":"OR( OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)))",
          "children":
          [
            {
               "type":"OR",
               "description":"OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded)),  OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded))))",
               "children":
               [
                 {
                   "type":"AND",
                   "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayne, querypos=1, expanded))",
                   "fields":["title"],
                   "max_field_pos":0,
                   "children":
                   [
                     {
                       "type":"KEYWORD",
                       "word":"wayne",
                       "querypos":1,
                       "expanded":true
                     }
                   ]
                 },
                 {
                   "type":"OR",
                   "description":"OR( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded)))",
                   "children":
                   [
                     {
                       "type":"AND",
                       "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(ways, querypos=1, expanded))",
                       "fields":["title"],
                       "max_field_pos":0,
                       "children":
                       [
                         {
                           "type":"KEYWORD",
                           "word":"ways",
                           "querypos":1,
                           "expanded":true
                         }
                       ]
                     },
                     {
                       "type":"AND",
                       "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(wayyy, querypos=1, expanded))",
                       "fields":["title"],
                       "max_field_pos":0,
                       "children":
                       [
                         {
                           "type":"KEYWORD",
                           "word":"wayyy",
                           "querypos":1,
                           "expanded":true
                         }
                       ]
                     }
                   ]
                 }
               ]
            },
            {
              "type":"AND",
              "description":"AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way, querypos=1, expanded))",
              "fields":["title"],
              "max_field_pos":0,
              "children":
              [
                 {
                    "type":"KEYWORD",
                    "word":"way",
                    "querypos":1,
                    "expanded":true
                 }
              ]
            },
            {
              "type":"OR",
              "description":"OR(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))",
              "fields":["title"],
              "max_field_pos":0,
              "children":
              [
                {
                  "type":"KEYWORD",
                  "word":"way*",
                  "querypos":1,
                  "expanded":true
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type":"AND",
          "description":"AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))",
          "fields":["content"],
          "max_field_pos":0,
          "children":
          [
            {
              "type":"KEYWORD",
              "word":"hey",
              "querypos":2
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'2811025403043381551',
                    u'_score': 2643,
                    u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'expanded': True,
                                                      u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'way*'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))',
                                       u'fields': [u'title'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'hey'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))',
                                       u'fields': [u'content'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{'hits': {'hits': [{u'_id': u'2811025403043381551',
                    u'_score': 2643,
                    u'_source': {}}],
          'total': 1},
 'profile': {u'query': {u'children': [{u'children': [{u'expanded': True,
                                                      u'querypos': 1,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'way*'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))',
                                       u'fields': [u'title'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'},
                                      {u'children': [{u'querypos': 2,
                                                      u'type': u'KEYWORD',
                                                      u'word': u'hey'}],
                                       u'description': u'AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))',
                                       u'fields': [u'content'],
                                       u'type': u'AND'}],
                        u'description': u'AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))',
                        u'type': u'AND'}},
 'timed_out': False,
 'took': 0}

{"hits": {"hits": [{"_id": 2811025403043381551,
                    "_score": 2643,
                    "_source": {}}],
          "total": 1},
 "profile": {"query": {"children": [{"children": [{"expanded": True,
                                                      "querypos": 1,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "way*"}],
                                       "description": "AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded))",
                                       "fields": ["title"],
                                       "type": "AND"},
                                      {"children": [{"querypos": 2,
                                                      "type": "KEYWORD",
                                                      "word": "hey"}],
                                       "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))",
                                       "fields": ["content"],
                                       "type": "AND"}],
                        "description": "AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)))",
                        "type": "AND"}},
 "timed_out": False,
 "took": 0}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=2811025403043381551, _score=2643, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)), fields=[title], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=way*, querypos=1, expanded=true}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)), fields=[content], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=hey, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=2811025403043381551, _score=2643, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)), fields=[title], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=way*, querypos=1, expanded=true}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)), fields=[content], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=hey, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

class SearchResponse {
    took: 18
    timedOut: false
    hits: class SearchResponseHits {
        total: 1
        hits: [{_id=2811025403043381551, _score=2643, _source={}}]
        aggregations: null
    }
    profile: {query={type=AND, description=AND( AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)),  AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2))), children=[{type=AND, description=AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(way*, querypos=1, expanded)), fields=[title], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=way*, querypos=1, expanded=true}]}, {type=AND, description=AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(hey, querypos=2)), fields=[content], children=[{type=KEYWORD, word=hey, querypos=2}]}]}}
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query":
        {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "expanded": True,
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "1*"
                }],
                "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1, expanded))",
                "fields": ["content"],
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1))",
            "type": "AND"
        }},
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

{
    "hits":
    {
        "hits":
        [{
            "_id": 1,
            "_score": 1480,
            "_source": {}
        }],
        "total": 1
    },
    "profile":
    {
        "query":
        {
            "children":
            [{
                "children":
                [{
                    "expanded": True,
                    "querypos": 1,
                    "type": "KEYWORD",
                    "word": "1*"
                }],
                "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1, expanded))",
                "fields": ["content"],
                "type": "AND"
            }],
            "description": "AND(fields=(content), KEYWORD(1*, querypos=1))",
            "type": "AND"
        }},
    "timed_out": False,
    "took": 0
}

SQL语句EXPLAIN QUERY允许显示给定全文查询的执行树，而无需对表执行实际的搜索查询。

‹›

SQL

📋

EXPLAIN QUERY index_base '@title running @body dog'\G

‹›

Response

 EXPLAIN QUERY index_base '@title running @body dog'\G
*************************** 1\. row ***************************
Variable: transformed_tree
   Value: AND(
      OR(
            AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(run, querypos=1, morphed)),
            AND(fields=(title), KEYWORD(running, querypos=1, morphed))))
  AND(fields=(body), KEYWORD(dog, querypos=2, morphed)))

EXPLAIN QUERY ... option format=dot允许以分层格式显示所提供全文查询的执行树，适合通过现有工具（如https://dreampuf.github.io/GraphvizOnline）进行可视化：

EXPLAIN QUERY graphviz示例

‹›

SQL

📋

EXPLAIN QUERY tbl 'i me' option format=dot\G

‹›

Response

EXPLAIN QUERY tbl 'i me' option format=dot\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Variable: transformed_tree
   Value: digraph "transformed_tree"
{
0 [shape=record,style=filled,bgcolor="lightgrey" label="AND"]
0 -> 1
1 [shape=record,style=filled,bgcolor="lightgrey" label="AND"]
1 -> 2
2 [shape=record label="i | { querypos=1 }"]
0 -> 3
3 [shape=record,style=filled,bgcolor="lightgrey" label="AND"]
3 -> 4
4 [shape=record label="me | { querypos=2 }"]
}

使用表达式排序器时，可以通过PACKEDFACTORS()函数显示计算出的因子值。

该函数返回：

文档级别因素的值（如bm25、field_mask、doc_word_count）
每个生成命中结果的字段列表（包括lcs、hit_count、word_count、sum_idf、min_hit_pos等）
查询中每个关键词及其tf和idf值的列表

这些值可以用于理解某些文档在搜索中为何获得较低或较高的分数，或者用于细化现有的排名表达式。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT id, PACKEDFACTORS() FROM test1 WHERE MATCH('test one') OPTION ranker=expr('1')\G

‹›

Response

             id: 1
packedfactors(): bm25=569, bm25a=0.617197, field_mask=2, doc_word_count=2,
    field1=(lcs=1, hit_count=2, word_count=2, tf_idf=0.152356,
        min_idf=-0.062982, max_idf=0.215338, sum_idf=0.152356, min_hit_pos=4,
        min_best_span_pos=4, exact_hit=0, max_window_hits=1, min_gaps=2,
        exact_order=1, lccs=1, wlccs=0.215338, atc=-0.003974),
    word0=(tf=1, idf=-0.062982),
    word1=(tf=1, idf=0.215338)
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

转义布尔优化

Last modified: August 28, 2025

当布尔简化搜索选项（或相应的全局设置服务器设置）设置为1（默认启用）时，全文本查询会自动进行优化。这种优化所做的一些更改包括：

过剩括号：((A | B) | C) 变为 (A | B | C)；((A B) C) 变为 (A B C)
过剩的AND NOT：((A !N1) !N2) 变为 (A !(N1 | N2))
共同的NOT：((A !N) | (B !N)) 变为 ((A | B) !N)
共同的复合NOT：((A !(N AA)) | (B !(N BB))) 变为 (((A | B) !N) | (A !AA) | (B !BB)) 如果评估N的成本大于评估A和B的成本之和
共同的子项：((A (N | AA)) | (B (N | BB))) 变为 (((A | B) N) | (A AA) | (B BB)) 如果评估N的成本大于评估A和B的成本之和
共同的关键字：(A | "A B"~N) 变为 A；("A B" | "A B C") 变为 "A B"；("A B"~N | "A B C"~N) 变为 ("A B"~N)
共同的短语：("X A B" | "Y A B") 变为 ("X"|"Y") A B
共同的AND NOT：((A !X) | (A !Y) | (A !Z)) 变为 (A !(X Y Z))
共同的OR NOT：((A !(N | N1)) | (B !(N | N2))) 变为 (( (A !N1) | (B !N2) ) !N) 请注意，优化查询会消耗CPU时间，因此在某些情况下，对于非常简单的查询或手动优化的查询，通过将布尔简化设置为0来禁用优化可能会获得更好的结果。

默认情况下，不允许像-dog这样的查询，该查询可能包含集合中的所有文档。要允许它们，您必须指定not_terms_only_allowed=1作为全局设置或作为搜索选项。

搜索分析搜索结果

Last modified: August 28, 2025

当你通过SQL在MySQL协议下运行查询时，你将收到请求的列作为结果，或者如果未找到任何内容，则为空的结果集。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * FROM tbl;

‹›

Response

+------+------+--------+
| id   | age  | name   |
+------+------+--------+
|    1 |   25 | joe    |
|    2 |   25 | mary   |
|    3 |   33 | albert |
+------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此外，你还可以使用 SHOW META 调用来查看最新查询的额外元信息。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT id,story_author,comment_author FROM hn_small WHERE story_author='joe' LIMIT 3; SHOW META;

‹›

Response

++--------+--------------+----------------+
| id     | story_author | comment_author |
+--------+--------------+----------------+
| 152841 | joe          | SwellJoe       |
| 161323 | joe          | samb           |
| 163735 | joe          | jsjenkins168   |
+--------+--------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
+----------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+----------------+-------+
| total          | 3     |
| total_found    | 20    |
| total_relation | gte   |
| time           | 0.010 |
+----------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在某些情况下，例如执行分面搜索时，你可能会收到多个结果集作为对SQL查询的响应。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE MATCH('joe') FACET age;

‹›

Response

+------+------+
| id   | age  |
+------+------+
|    1 |   25 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+------+----------+
| age  | count(*) |
+------+----------+
|   25 |        1 |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果出现警告，结果集将包含警告标志，你可以使用 SHOW WARNINGS 查看警告。

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * from tbl where match('"joe"/3'); show warnings;

‹›

Response

+------+------+------+
| id   | age  | name |
+------+------+------+
|    1 |   25 | joe  |
+------+------+------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                                                    |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| warning | 1000 | quorum threshold too high (words=1, thresh=3); replacing quorum operator with AND operator |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果查询失败，你将收到一个错误：

‹›

SQL

📋

SELECT * from tbl where match('@surname joe');

‹›

Response

ERROR 1064 (42000): index idx: query error: no field 'surname' found in schema

通过HTTP JSON接口，查询结果将以JSON文档的形式发送。示例：

{
  "took":10,
  "timed_out": false,
  "hits":
  {
    "total": 2,
    "hits":
    [
      {
        "_id": 1,
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": { "gid": 11 }
      },
      {
        "_id": 2,
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": { "gid": 12 }
      }
    ]
  }
}

took：执行搜索所花费的毫秒数
timed_out：查询是否超时
hits：搜索结果，具有以下属性：
- total：匹配文档的总数
- hits：包含匹配项的数组

查询结果还可以包括查询剖析信息。请参阅查询剖析。

hits数组中的每个匹配项具有以下属性：

_id：匹配ID
_score：匹配权重，由排名器计算
_source：包含此匹配项属性的数组

默认情况下，所有属性都会返回在 _source 数组中。你可以在请求负载中使用 _source 属性来选择你想要包含在结果集中的字段。示例：

{
  "table":"test",
  "_source":"attr*",
  "query": { "match_all": {} }
}

你可以指定你想要包含在查询结果中的属性作为字符串（"_source": "attr*"）或作为字符串数组（"_source": [ "attr1", "attri*" ]"）。每个条目可以是属性名或通配符（*，% 和 ? 符号受支持）。

你也可以显式指定你想要包含和排除的属性，使用 includes 和 excludes 属性：

"_source":
{
  "includes": [ "attr1", "attri*" ],
  "excludes": [ "*desc*" ]
}

空的 includes 列表被解释为“包含所有属性”，而空的 excludes 列表不匹配任何内容。如果一个属性同时匹配 includes 和 excludes，则 excludes 会获胜。

布尔优化过滤器

Last modified: August 28, 2025

查询字符串中的转义字符

在 MySQL 命令行客户端

使用 MySQL 驱动程序

在 HTTP JSON API 中

在客户端

转义星号

在 SQL 中转义 JSON 节点名称

搜索性能分析

查询如何被解析

在SQL中分析查询树

在HTTP JSON中分析查询

不运行查询的性能分析

查看匹配因子值

搜索结果

SQL

HTTP

源选择